Should Class Attendance Be Required

Word check 780 Should class participation be a prerequisite? Numerous individuals ask should class participation be a course prerequisite for understudies in school? There are two unique assessments. A few people feel that it ought to be compulsory for undergrads to go to there classes ordinary. Numerous others anyway feel that understudies ought to have the option to choose whether they need to go to there class or not. Most definitely, regardless of what except if the understudy is debilitated or has a family crisis they ought to be required to go to there classes each day whether the understudy likes it or not. For the most part, understudies who don't care to go to classes have their own reasons. One of the primary reasons is, numerous understudies feel they can get familiar with certain things preferred all alone rather over being in a study hall. On the off chance that an understudy needed to go to a class in which the educator instructs something they have just learned all alone, it would be a trivial. A few understudies that don't go to class, may feel they can become familiar with certain things better all alone however they may miss a great deal of other significant data given during a class. An understudy who goes to the entirety of their classes has a bit of leeway over an understudy who doesn't join in. In any case, school educators regularly show understudies numerous things that can't be gained from a course reading. Like simpler methods of making sense of an issue, or what something implies. Numerous individuals accept that school is where educators should instruct understudies what they know. In a course reading, regularly there is only a great deal of data and information. Be that as it may, how is the understudy expected to comprehend and build up this data? Understudies need to go to class; the educator is the best individual to assist them with these abilities. A few understudies don't learn by just by perusing the course book, a few people need things to be disclosed to them so they completely comprehend the idea. On the off chance that the understudies went to class, the educator would have the option to show them how to realize, how to assimilate data and how to apply what they have realized. At the point when understudies go to class each day it likewise shows them obligation, order, and how to cooperate with different understudies. This sets them up for having a vocation, which expects individuals to work in gatherings. School begins at a specific time simply like a vocation. Being at a specific spot at a specific time likewise gets ready understudies for finding a new line of work in the genuine word. School is a great deal like having work. Understudies should be dependable, and be in class on time simply like individuals should be busy working on schedule. Being in class regular and on time with a task finished assists with setting them up for a profession. School classes additionally show understudies how to function with different understudies in the class. Ordinarily understudies will be given gathering assignments. In this action, understudies should work with individuals from various foundations who they don't have the foggiest idea. In this circumstance, they figure out how to deal with functioning with individuals unique in relation to themselves, which is a significant factor in the work place. At the point when understudies don't come to class they will in general miss numerous significant things like conversations, due dates on work given during class, and class work. In school, educators show understudy numerous things during conversations. This is the point at which the teacher talks to the class about significant things understudies need to know. During the conversation is an ideal opportunity to tune in, learn and record everything the educator needs to state on the given subject. On the off chance that an understudy isn't sitting in class to tune in or record data given by the teacher the person in question may never comprehend what was found out that day in class. What's more, understudies may miss due dates on assignments that were given during class which implies the understudy will get a zero on the task, and that is rarely acceptable. Class work is a significant piece of school. In the event that an understudy doesn't go to class to finish their class there is a decent possibility that understudy will fall flat. I accept that understudies ought to be required to go to classes constantly. Understudy can't simply take in thing from perusing a reading material they need a little direction too. Educators can show you the technique for how to create and utilize information learned. What's more, school sets you up for an occupation by showing order and duty. To put it plainly, participation in all classes ought to be required.

Informal Assessment free essay sample

During a meeting as of late, with a gathering whom I am generally still new to, I was educated that all understudies were on all work in a predetermined unit. Indeed, in spite of the fact that these understudies had been given their hypothesis contribution on a specific zone, just 60% of them really were sure about their insight. Discovering this out during my showing meeting, by method of a test and conversation, permitted me to adjust my exercise plan for that day and guarantee all understudies leaving at four o’clock were on all information and prepared for their formal composed assessment the next week. I have encased duplicates of some casual evaluation strategies that we are at present utilizing during educating, just as proof of formal techniques. References: Radcliff ,C. (2007)A viable manual for data education evaluation for scholastic curators. Google books. [Online] accessible at: http://books. google. co. uk/books? id=nU7DIADsbP8Camp;pg=PA26amp;dq=informal+assessmentamp;hl=enamp;sa=Xamp;ei=Y2FhUeqrKIzXPJLBgMAMamp;redir_esc=y#v=onepageamp;q=informal%20assessmentamp;f=false

Paradise Lost Essay Topics

Paradise Lost Essay TopicsParadise Lost Essay Topics is a series of essays, which will help you think about the plot of the film and why it is so special. The essays will also have some information on the production, actors, actors' back stories, and locations used for the film. These essays can give you a deeper understanding of the film and help you see why it is so great.Paradise Lost Essay Topics is aimed at film lovers who want to learn more about the films they like. The topics will be composed of long, informative essays, which will provide lots of details about each character and the aspects of the film. The essays will also include lists of sources that help you understand the theme of the film.To get started, you should first search for the Paradise Lost Essay Topics online. The essays are divided into three different sections: Origins, production, and actors. This division is intended to make it easier for the reader to find the information they need when searching for the topic that interests them.After reading through the Paradise Lost Essay Topics, you should take a look at the author's bio page. There will be links to the other essays as well as to his personal website. By clicking on these links, you can get further information about the author as well as about other related subjects. It is best to read all the links to avoid any confusion about where to go next.You will probably find that most of the topics in Paradise Lost Essay Topics will be on the film's story and characters. The main characters of the story will be John, Alan, and Orlando. The other characters will also be included, such as Eleanor, Millie, and Rebecca. The plot will revolve around the main characters trying to escape the sinking ship, as well as with the Christians and the pagans trying to stop them.The central theme of the film is the inability of people to find salvation. It also deals with how much information can be hidden from the public. There are also a discussion of Jesus and what he means to the world, with many of the plot points revolving around John's denial of the God of the bible.As you might expect, Paradise Lost Essay Topics also discusses the production of the film. The directors of the film will be included, as well as many of the actors who were involved with the production. You should also check out the director's biography page.As you may expect, Paradise Lost Essay Topics will focus on those movies that people love the most. It will also try to include some news that might be important to the general public. The essays can help you see why people are so crazy about these films.

Film Adaptation Of Shakespeare s The Tempest - 1122 Words

Julie Taymor s 2010 film adaptation of Shakespeare s The Tempest is a truthful recreation of the classic romantic tragicomedy in all aspects except that the role of the magician, Prospero, is played by Helen Mirren, turning him from Prospero to Prospera. Through this simple change in the gender of one of the main characters, we see the play s themes called into question and viewed differently to how they would have been if the role of Prospero was played by a male. These themes include the usurpation of royalty and family. This review will discuss how Taymor s decision to change Prospero s gender is a critique of modern gender discourse. When Sebastian and Antonio usurp Prospera during the flashback in the middle of the film, we†¦show more content†¦I feel that through this decision, Taymor is commenting on the state of Elizabethan society and its view of women, who were desirable only if they were silent and invisible (Greer 2007, 4) and although not as conservative as the Elizabethan era, our own contemporary society, where women are still not equal to men. It also comments on how there is a canon built around Shakespeare, whose parts for women are comparatively few and composed largely of supporting rather than leading roles. (Goodman 2001, 71). Due to this canon, Taymor (and many other directors and screenwriters) are forced to reinvent Shakespeare s plays (Goodman 2001, 84-85). Family is one of, if not the biggest theme in Shakespeare s The Tempest and this theme is of course shown in Taymor s adaptation of the play. But the fact that Prospero is a woman in the film shows the audience a deeper relationship between Prospera and Miranda – the mother-daughter relationship. In the original play, we see Prospero as owning his daughter rather than having a normal father-daughter relationship with her. It is as though Miranda is an object to be given as a prize to another man – Ferdinand. InShow MoreRelatedThe Adaptation of The Tempest by William Shakespeare to the Film Prosperos Books531 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adaptation of The Tempest by William Shakespeare to the Film Prosperos Books When adapting a play for the screen, a director’s primary responsibility is to visualize an enactment that remains true to the original work’s perception. In addition to this task, the director must also build upon the foundations laid by the script; without this goal, (s)he would have no reason to have undertaken the project in the first place. Providing an innovative reading of a well-known play is undoubtedlyRead MoreComparison of the Tempest and Forbidden Planet Essay1836 Words   |  8 PagesFebruary, 2010 Morbius’ Fatal Folly As pointed out by Merrell Knighten in his essay called The Triple Paternity of Forbidden Planet, the main difference between Shakespeare’s The Tempest and the 1956 science fiction adaptation Forbidden Planet (referred to as FP) is the use and control of power. In The Tempest, Prospero knows what power he holds through the use of his books and spells, and ultimately uses these powers to restore order to the island. However, in forbidden Planet, Morbius’ powersRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s The Tempest 2603 Words   |  11 PagesDrama When many people think of William Shakespeare, they think of plays like Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth or Hamlet. One of the most influential plays written by Shakespeare is not one listed above. The play that reflects the life and all of Shakespeare?s plays is The Tempest. This work was and still is influential in both America, Britain and around the world. Although William Shakespeare was an influential writer in American and British literature, The Tempest reaches beyond a comparison to the newRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Comparing Stuff With Zeff And Luh1810 Words   |  8 PagesJuliet comparing stuff with zeff and luh One story changed with two adaptations. One a traditional Shakespearean film and the other a product of the MTV generation. Two very different films of the same love story. From the generations they come from they are very good examples of the things people were doing then but as an interpretation of text they both lack something which gives the story its element. Zeffirelli’s film best portrays love and passion. Both Baz Luhrmann and Franco ZeffirelliRead MoreModern-Day Adaptations of Shakespearian Plays3263 Words   |  14 Pages Adaptation is the process or state of changing to fit new circumstances or conditions, or the resulting change (Encarta#174; World English Dictionary #169; 1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Developed for Microsoft by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.). When something adapts, or is adapted, it retains the basic content of its former self while taking on new qualities. When a story is adapted, either to a different medium than the one originally used or to a different time or place, theRead MoreThe Vanishing American: Historical Context Essays1678 Words   |  7 Pagesnative race. Going along with societal trends, renown Western novelist Zane Grey published a work focused on the doomed people. The Vanishing American apart, none of Greys novels were ever made into really important movies; but, like other Zane adaptations, this 1925 Native American epic retained the values of his story (Everson 170). Remaining loyal to the authors ideals, The Vanishing American focuses on the plight of a vanquished tribe living in a world in which the ill-fated rarely receive

The Truth About God, By Oliver Wendell Holmes - 1108 Words

I believe that as a Christian we should be as concerned, if not more so, than any other concerned non-believers. We as Christians, have been given the truth about God, His creation and His will. When it comes to His creation He is very detailed about His plans in creating the earth for His people and His purpose (HCSB. Genesis 1:26-30). Sadly, many Christians have fallen into the category quoted by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., â€Å"Some people are so heavenly minded that they are no earthly good. Their time here on earth has been fogged by the aspirations of glory. The contributors of this wasted life is ignorance, greed, and selfishness. Furthermore, our environment suffers for the cause. Nonetheless, this is a major topic of conversation†¦show more content†¦Times have changed, and so has the family, the community and our environment. And these changes have impacted our lives and earth immeasurably. This is where the factor greed comes in to play, the need for more. This need for more called for extensive measures, measures like fertilizers, pesticides and equipment to work the ground and harvest the crops became necessity. Agriculture became a booming business that did not and still does not promote the well-being of the employee nor the individual let alone the family unit and community. Since 1950 an average farm size has doubled, but the number of laborers decreased substantially and the number of small local farmers has been cut in half. Farmers have been forced to become more efficient and there s been a reliance on greater chemicals and technology, which has become very extensive and expensive. Sadly, what has been short term expansion has become a long-term threat (Trautmann, 2012). This greed driven increase has led to subtle damaging ramifications that most people are ignorant to. Their needs are being met as quality is being forsaken. Our environment is being squandered. Selfishness abounds. Interestingly, in an article by Robert B. Laughlin titled what the earth knows, I find myself frustrated with the idea that common sense tells us that damaging something this old (the earth) isShow MoreRelatedFreedom of Expression Is Vital to a Free Society Essay example1125 Words   |  5 PagesDomino’s first point is related to subversive political speech, which is in reference to the clear and present danger doctrine. The doctrine came about from a Supreme Court ruling, Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919), that established a test to permit governmental restrictions on political expression (Domino 30-31). Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote the test of four conditions that must be met in order to restrict an individual’s freedom of speech; they are intent of the person, the gravityRead MoreAmerican Renaissance (Literature)1541 Words   |  7 Pagescease to have personal supervision and employed professionals, whose job was to extract the biggest amount of work from the slaves. While many planters still carried out the old system, there were cases of brutal cruelty. But the hardest criticism about slavery was not the cruelty, but the violation of the basic right of every man to be free and equal in opportunities. In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party Ââ€" with its determination of allow slavery to spread no further Ââ€" nominatedRead MoreThe Meaning of Knowledge and Wisdom2046 Words   |  9 Pagesnegative effects that both knowledge and wisdom hold. Works Cited Knowledge picture: http://inspiringthruquotes.wordpress.com/knowledge-2/ This photograph holds a quote of unmistakable truth which says, â€Å"One’s mind, once stretched by a new idea, never regains its original dimensions.† Oliver Wendell Holmes. We all gain incredible amounts of knowledge throughout our lifetime. Through school, life experience, and information we gather on our own time, we obtain knowledge that will stay in our mindsRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The Man Behind The Myths Essay2365 Words   |  10 PagesAndrew Jackson shared the same views on hoping that middle-class white southern Unionists, along with repentant ex-Confederates, would take control of restoring the South to the Union. 4. Oates sets out to rescue Lincoln from separating the historical truth from the legends that have surrounded and obscured the humanity of the icon. Stephen B. Oates’ historical Lincoln is an unimaginable cut out, it’s stated in â€Å"Abraham Lincoln the Man behind the Myths† that Lincoln is â€Å"more heroic than the immortal manRead MoreHealth Quotes2317 Words   |  10 Pagesfilaments that fabric hangs, do wonder that we are not always so; and considering the thousand doors that lead to death, do thank my God that we can die but once.   ~Thomas Browne When it comes to eating right and exercising, there is no Ill start tomorrow.   Tomorrow is disease.   ~Terri Guillemets What some call health, if purchased by perpetual anxiety about diet, isnt much better than tedious disease.   ~George Dennison Prentice, Prenticeana, 1860 Illness is the most heeded of doctors:Read MoreEssay on Melvilles Trimurti5531 Words   |  23 Pagesmainland India, is the home of an eighth-century temple cave that contains a statue of the Trimurti or the Hindu trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva (Sharma 7). By planting this eastern landmark so early in the novel, Melville subtly alludes to these gods, and a close reading of the text reveals that the author identifies Ishmael, the whale, and Ahab with Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva respectively. While an understanding of these characters in terms of their divine counterparts will shed light on many issuesRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesIndians) and European explorers and settlers who had both religious and territorial aspirations - Native American oral literature / oral tradition - European explorers’ letters, diaries, reports, etc., such as Christopher Columbus’s letters about his voyage to the â€Å"New world†. - Anglo (New England) settlers’ books, sermons, journals, narratives, and poetry Native American / American Indian oral literature / oral tradition creation storiesï ¼Ë†Ã¨ µ ·Ã¦ º Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° trickster talesï ¼Ë†Ã¦  ¶Ã¤ ½Å"å‰ §Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¤ ¼  Ã¥ ¥â€¡Ã¯ ¼â€° rituals / ceremoniesï ¼Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¸Ã¤ » ªÃ¯ ¼â€° Read MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pageslargely self-taught. His early individualism is recorded in the story that, having been sent to school with an uncle in Somerset at the age of thirteen, he ran away, returning to Derby in three days, by walking 48 miles the first day, 47 the second, and about 20 the third, with little food and no sleep. He became involved in radical politics, and from 1848 worked in London on the journal the Economist, becoming known in literary circles, and narrowly failing to become a suitor of the novelist George EliotRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages(alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-07-340334-2 (alk. paper) 1. Project management. 2. Time management. 3. Risk management. I. Gray, Clifford F. II. Gray, Clifford F. Project management. III. Title. HD69.P75G72 2011 658.4904—dc22 2009054318 www.mhhe.com About the Authors Erik W. Larson ERIK W. LARSON is professor of project management at the College of Business, Oregon State University. He teaches executive, graduate, and undergraduate courses on project management, organizational behavior, and leadership

Inclusion in Schools - 1311 Words

Schools in today’s society are rapidly changing and growing striving to implement the best practices in their schools. Nonetheless, before a school can implement a program in their school they need reliable evidence that the new program will work. A new program that schools are aiming to implement is inclusion in the classroom because the benefits inclusion could bring. An inclusion program means that the student spends all or most of their school time in the general education classroom rather than a self-contained classroom. However, the students will still receive the support and interventions they would have received in a self-contained classroom. There are different types of inclusive classrooms where different types of teaching occur.†¦show more content†¦They also showed little to no concern about the implementation of inclusion in their schools. The post-test showed that there was still a strong acceptance of inclusion in the classroom but the concerns of imple menting inclusion did rise because they saw it was not easy to implement. Although there were no significant differences in the results, there was a change and this is relevant for the implementation of inclusion (Forlin Chambers 2011). A shared partnership between the special and general educator contributes to the success of inclusion because there is more focus on the student. There are different types of cooperative teaching in inclusion that follow the collaborative model of teaching and one focus type of teaching is co-teaching with a general education teacher and a special education teacher. Planning time when in a collaborative model is important because it is an essential part of inclusion (Solis, Vaughn, Swanson, McCulley 2012). Inclusion can only be successful if the planning time is utilized efficiently and cooperatively that all the students are being helped in the most useful way. Also with collaborative teaching all student with an IEP are being helped by two teachers who have different ways of teaching and could give different ideas for interventions (Solis 2012). A study followed an elementary and middle school for two years that implemented inclusion and co-teaching into their curriculumShow MoreR elatedImportance Of Inclusion In Schools1820 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay, I am going to address why the inclusion of children with behaviour, emotional and social difficulties (BESD) into mainstream education is so important. I will also outline what provisions and procedures I believe schools should have in place to ensure inclusion is seen as a set of practices rather than a completely unattainable ideal. In 2013 ‘53.0% of pupils with statements of SEN were attending mainstream schools (nursery, primary, secondary, academies, city technology colleges)Read MoreInclusion Is Not A School Or A Childcare Setting?1574 Words   |  7 Pages In this paper I will be discussing what inclusion is, concerns parents and educators have about meeting the child’s needs, research related to the children developing quickly and children with special support. As well, I will discuss services offered by the Vancouver Supported Child Development Program, and my personal view about children learning in an inclusive environment. What is Inclusion? The Oxford Dictionary describes the word Inclusion as â€Å"The action or state of including or ofRead MoreInclusion in the Public School Classroom Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesInclusion in the Public School Classroom What do we do with children with disabilities in the public school? Do we include them in the general education class with the â€Å"regular† learning population or do we separate them to learn in a special environment more suited to their needs? The problem is many people have argued what is most effective, full inclusion where students with all ranges of disabilities are included in regular education classes for the entire day, or partial inclusion where childrenRead MoreInclusion in Our Public Schools Essay640 Words   |  3 Pageswar over total inclusion has been on the front line for well over forty years, and no end is in sight. The definition of inclusion is stated by Robert Fieldman and Pearson Education as the integration of all students, even those with the most severe disabilities, into regular classrooms and all other aspects of school and community life. This means that separate special education programs would cease to operate. Karen Agne, assistant professor of education, says that full inclusion robs other normalRead MoreInclusion in Schools is Extremely Beneficial Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pages Inclusion in schools is extremely beneficial to exceptional students in that it helps to develop successful social skills. Although exceptional students are without a doubt different, the process of inclusion can give students feelings of self worth and allows them to feel included in the education process. Thanks to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, a free and appropriate public education is mandated for students withRead MoreInclusion and Autism in Main Stream Schools3923 Words   |  16 PagesApart or A Part? Inclusion and Autism in Main Stream Primary Settings. The number of pupils with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) being educated in mainstream settings is increasing (Humphrey 2008). Inclusion in main stream education can be extremely beneficial for pupils on the autism spectrum (Great Britain. Department for Children, Schools and families, 2009), however there is growing concern about the educational experiences of pupils with ASC. Only 12% of parents with children in anRead MoreThe Effects of Mainstreaming and Inclusion in Our Schools4122 Words   |  17 PagesThe Effects of Mainstreaming and Inclusion in our Schools Students with special needs are mainstreaming and inclusion into regular classrooms everyday in American schools across the country. The subject of mainstreaming and inclusion in the school system is often debated. Debates can become heated and both sides feel strongly about their views when deciding where students who are labeled as â€Å"special† should be placed. Children who start out in Special Education classes should be given the chanceRead MoreThe Importance of Promoting Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Schools1032 Words   |  5 Pagesfollow assessment will have a brief description of the importance of inclusion and inclusive practices in work with children and young people. And it also contains an exploration of how our own attitudes, values and behaviour may lead to that inclusive practice, how to challenge discrimination and how to promote some important anti-discriminatory and inclusive practices. First of all is important to define what is meant by inclusion and inclusive practice. Inclusive practice is a process of identifyingRead MoreInclusion And Send From School Wide Activity5014 Words   |  21 Pages Inclusion and SEND To define SEND, one must first look at the term ‘inclusion’. Inclusion is the process through which a school adapts in order to respond to all pupils as individuals; which in turn enhances equality of opportunity. By doing this, there is less of a need to exclude pupils from school-wide activity. (Sebba and Sachdev 1997). This encompasses the need for a school to provide equal opportunities for children regardless of their age, race, gender, disability, religion, language orRead MoreFull Inclusion versus Self-Contained or Special Schools1132 Words   |  5 PagesFull Inclusion Versus Self-Contained or Special Schools The treatment of individuals with disabilities has changed dramatically since the 1800’s. Reynolds 1988, describes, Progressive inclusion, the evolution of services provided to those with various disabilities. In the early 1800’s residential institutions, or asylums were seem as common place accommodations for individuals with hearing, visual, mental or emotional impairments. Institutions remained the primary educational support until

Hypoglycemia Essay Example For Students

Hypoglycemia Essay Hypoglycemia is a condition in which the amount of sugar in the blood drops to an abnormally low level. It occurs in association with a number of diseases and can affect anyone. Blood sugar, more formally known as glucose, is the fuel all cells in your body uses for heat and energy (Hypoglycemia, (Low Blood Sugar)). Glucose is produced by the breakdown of glycogen, a pancreatic hormone that tends to raise sugar in the blood. Glucose enters the cells of your body through insulin. Insulin is what lowers the blood sugar. Glucose also enters the body in many ways, including absorption from the digestive tract and diffusion from the tissue fluids and the liver. Glucose leaves the blood by diffusion into tissue fluids, by metabolic conversion to glycogen or fat, or by oxidation in the tissues to produce energy (Hypoglycemia). Normally, the body maintains a glucose level of about 70-110 milligrams per deciliter of blood (Recognizing and Treating Hypoglycemia). When these levels drop below normal, it causes many organ systems to malfunction. Low blood sugar levels especially affect the brain because glucose is the brains major source of fuel. Sustained hypoglycemia has been know to cause serious brain damage and even death. Hypoglycemia has several different causes. The most common is in people with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes occurs when the body cannot use glucose for fuel because whether the pancreas is not able to make enough insulin or the insulin is not effective. The aim of treatment in diabetes is to lower high blood sugar levels and keep them stable. To do this, most people take insulin shots or oral drugs. Hypoglycemia occurs most often in people with diabetics use too much medication. People who have diabetes often refer to hypoglycemia as an insulin reaction. A rare cause of hypoglycemia is an a uto immune disease in which the body produces antibodies to insulin (Marks, 153). The levels of insulin in the blood change abnormally as the pancreas produces high amounts of insulin to deal with the antibodies. This condition may occur in people with or without diabetes. Other causes of hypoglycemia include: excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, prolonged strenuous exercise, kidney failure, cancer, malnutrition, liver disease and sometimes even psychological disturbances. Just because a person may suffer from one of these causes does not man that they have hypoglycemia. The symptoms of hypoglycemia vary from person to person, but often start with being hot and uncomfortable, followed by profuse sweating. Other symptoms include dizziness, weakness, fainting, nervous shaking, extreme hunger, blurred vision, migraines, exhaustion, and the list continues. Many people experience one of more of these symptoms everyday, but frequent reoccurrence are usually signs that a person may hav e hypoglycemia and should be checked by a physician. Fasting hypoglycemia, the most serious and uncommon type of hypoglycemia may develop following prolonged starvation and rarely in pregnant women whose bodies cannot adjust to the increased glucose requirements of the fetus (Cryer, 216). It is more likely to be a sign of pancreatic tumors, liver disease, hormonal deficiencies or other diseases. Fasting hypoglycemia usually occurs when no insulin is available to help the glucose enter cells. Another type, reactive hypoglycemia, occurs within a few hours after eating foods high in glucose. Symptoms include those of extreme fear and anxiety. Although it is hardly ever an indication of a serious disease, reactive hypoglycemia has attracted public attention because of its strongly annoying symptoms. People who have reactive hypoglycemia are advised to follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly (What is Hypoglycemia?)The diagnosis of a person who is suspected of having hypoglycemia begins with the verification of the condition. Other than evaluating the symptoms, it is most important to observe the blood sugar levels through a series of blood sugar tests. However, measurement of glucose levels does not reveal true hypoglycemia. .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 , .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 .postImageUrl , .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 , .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8:hover , .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8:visited , .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8:active { border:0!important; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8:active , .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8 .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9bb71be0fdc9349c78121f7dd12637a8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Causes of Child Abuse EssayBlood sugar tests are usually done in the doctors office. Glucose levels can be checked at home, using a drop of blood obtained by pricking the finger at the time symptoms occur and a device that reads the blood and displays the level. Home tests are recommended for diabetics because they are often not entirely accurate. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which is commonly used to help diagnose diabetes, is rarely used for diagnosing hypoglycemia because its results are often misleading (Fast Facts About Hypoglycemia). Experts now realize that the OGTT can actually trigger hypoglycemic symptoms in people with no signs of the disorder (What i s Hypoglycemia?). The bodys first defense against hypoglycemia is to convert glycogen in the liver to glucose. This means that there must be glycogen in the liver. Glycogen is stored only when there is a good balance of glucose and insulin. It will be available only if control has been good. If control has been poor, then glycogen will not be there when a person needs it. The only truly effective treatment for hypoglycemia is to treat the basic problem. People often follow a special diet, which helps relieve symptoms. Even when blood sugar levels are normal, many people feel better after eating small meals containing carbohydrates such as breads, beans and pastas. However, in a person with diabetes, eating or drinking anything high in sugar such as cokes and candies can quickly relieve hypoglycemia. To avoid reoccurring attacks, hypoglycemics should eat about six small meals a day, rather that the usual three. By doing so, blood sugar levels should remain steadier and symptoms should decrease. The goa l of every hypoglycemic should be to stabilize blood sugar levels so that there will be a constant supply of energy in the body (Hypoglycemia, (Low Blood Sugar)). Also, if a person is prone to attacks, they should always carry glucose tablets, sugar cubes or candy with them. Wearing a medic alert bracelet to inform medical personnel of their condition and having identification is also a plus. Hypoglycemia indicates lack of energy and sugar in the body. It can lead to disorders, brain damage, or even as serious as death. Persons who believe that they may be experiencing hypoglycemia should seek medical attention because of such serious effects it has on the body. The study of hypoglycemia has lead to much needed information on other diseases and insights. Berkow, Robert, Hypoglycemia, The Merck Manual of Medical Information, New York: Merck and Company, Inc., 1997. Cryer, Philip E., Glucose Homeostasis and Hypoglycemia, Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 8th Edition, Philadelphia: W .B. Saunders, 1992. Fast Facts About Hypoglycemia, The Sugar Association, 19 April 2000, *http://www.sugar.org/health/hypoglycemia.html*. Hypoglycemia, Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1993. Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar), H.E.L.P. The Institute For Body Chemistry, 19 April 2000, *http://www.dynanet.com/bodychem/hypo.html*. Marks, Vincent, and F. Clifford Rose, Hypoglycemia, 2nd Edition, London: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1981. Recognizing and Treating Hypoglycemia, Diabetes Well, 19 April 2000, *http://www.diabeteswell.com/library/diabetes/treatment_hypoglycemia.asp*. What is Hypoglycemia?, Mediconsult Network, 19 April 2000, *http://www.mediconsult.com/mc/mcsite.nsf/condition/diabetesEducational+MaterialJLOO-47UKVC*. Bibliography:Works CitedBerkow, Robert, Hypoglycemia, The Merck Manual of Medical Information, New York: Merck and Company, Inc., 1997. Cryer, Philip E., Glucose Homeostasis and Hypoglycemia, Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 8th Edition, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1992. Fast Facts About Hypoglycemia, The Sugar Association, 19 April 2000, . Hypoglycemia, Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1993. Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar), H.E.L.P. The Institute For Body Chemistry, 19 April 2000, . Marks, Vincent, and F. Clifford Rose, Hypoglycemia, 2nd Edition, London: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1981. Recognizing and Treating Hypoglycemia, Diabetes Well, 19 April 2000, . What is Hypoglycemia?, Mediconsult Network, 19 April 2000, .

Bonifacio savings and loans association free essay sample

The Bonifacio Savings and Loans Association (BSLA) in its last monthly consultative meeting for the year decided to embark on a one-year deposit campaign program. Dubbed as BSLA’s â€Å"Employee Motivation Program (EMP)†, the deposit campaign aimed to increase deposit levels which was BSLA’a traditional source of funds. Mr. Danillo Lagman, VP for operations, was chosen as overall program coordinator. After a month of preparation, Mr. Lagman and his staff were ready to launch the EMP. Under the guidelines, bank officers and employees were given award credits for every account turned in. points were based on the opening balance and their average balances thereafter. The participants were divided into teams, with one branch/division representing one team. To monitor progress of the EMP, solicited clients surrendered introductory cards given to them by the EMP’ participants. Passbooks/deposit certificates were then marked with the EMP logo. As an added incentive, aside from individual bonuses specific credit levels reached, special bonuses were given to teams if group targets were met. We will write a custom essay sample on Bonifacio savings and loans association or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Personal team award credits earned were summarized and distributed at the end of each month within the deposit campaign period. The more award credits earned, the more expensive the merchandise that could be redeemed. The list of prizes included calculators, watches, living room and dining sets and microwave ovens, among others. Mr. Panganiban, head of the Accounting Division, took great pains to get a big budget for the program. He was the one who introduced the EMP to the board during the year-end meeting he held strongly to the belief that with the proper incentives, the employees could be enlisted to help the Bank attains its targets. During the consultative meeting, Mr. Panganiban outlined to the managers the deposit level targets for their respective branches. Because of the EMP, increases in targets were noticeably higher than the previous years. It was only expected that the Paranaque and Sucat branches would share the bulk of  the burden since from the previous records, the bigger branches (in terms of total resources and volume of transaction) were given target levels. It was well-known fat that Mr. Lagman would take place Mr. Panganiban. But both officers and staff of the Bank could guess as to who would be promoted to replace Mr. Lagman. According to the people at the head office, the personal files of Mr. Torres and Mr Garrido, managers of Paranaque and Sucat branches, respectively, were already on the table of Mr. Lucban, BLSA’s president and son of majority stockholder, Fransisco Lucban. A month after the EMP was launched; there was a slight improvement of the percentage increase in volume of deposits and number of accounts. Sucat branch, BSLA’s second largest branch, was the major contributor. On the second and third months, Sucat branch consistently topped the EMP posting and highest percentage increase in deposit levels. The head office branch which had an edge over the other branches in terms of number of team members and clients lagged a poor third. Early in the program, Mr. Lagman projected the existing accounts of the head office branch alone could bring in substantial additional deposit. Also, the branch was situated in growing commercial district in Paranaque where were still no branches of other banks thereby representing good prospects for generating more deposits and turning in new accounts. In BSLA’s first quarter meeting, Mr. Lagman brought up the topic by joking asking Mr. Torresif he had guards who looked like stunt men assigned at his doors. Mr.Torres just smiled and promised to remove Mr. Garrido from his lofty perch on the second half of the program period. Mr. Lagman knew that by just bringing up Paranaque branch’s less than satisfactory performance in the EMP, he had further antagonized Mr. Torres. Mr. Lagman never really like the letter. He saw him as a do-gooder who would always interface with company polices to earn the gratitude and admiration of his staff. It was common knowledge that the previous year Mr. Torres pushed for and was almost successful, if not for the interference of Mr.  Lagman, the setting up an Employee Relations Committee. Mr. Lagman gained the support of Mr. Lucban by reasoning out that the committee might function as a mini union when opportunities present themselves in the future. On this way home, Mr. Torres reflected over what transpired during the first quarter meeting. He had a fairly good idea why the Cash Department/Head Office Branch was behind the EMP, but because of Mr Lucban’s presence, he felt that the meeting was not the proper time to set the records straight. Mr Torres has been with BSLA since its inception. Immediately after graduating from a big local University, he was hired by Mr Fransisco Lucban, who was then the president of the company. Mr Torres had occupied several positions, from his entry level as junior bookkeeper at the Acounting Department to his present position as branch manager which he had been occupying for the last five years. Mr Torres was quite popular with his staff. Rising from the ranks, he has familiar with branch work and was known to pitch in and help whenever a teller, bookkeeper or some other staff was absent. Mr Torres knew that the Cash Department is grossly understaffed and that it has repeatedly requested for additional personnel. Established in 1978, Bonifacio Savings and Loans Association is a family-owned S L performing the basic function of thrift bank. Formerly concentrating on agricultural and real estate loans, BSLA in recent years had gradually shifted to costumers loans which are used for purchase of appliances, jeepney units and car financing. Loan portfolios of BSLA are mostly short-term loans to individuals or small-scale business. As in the past, BSLA had relied on deposits as a major source of funds. Over the three years before the EMP was initiated, deposit liabilities had grown at an average of 12%. Performance for said period followed consistent growth pattern with net income increasing by an average of 16%. BSLA was majority-owned by the Lucban family, a prominent clan in Mindoro. Aside from BSLA, the clan had holdings in various small to medium-scale business which include a rural bank, a taxi-operation which presently has 30 units plying Metro Manila, a pawn shop, two gasoline-stations, a trading company and a piggery operation in Mindoro which had approximate 200 heads. The family’s patriarch, Fransisco Lucban still had the upper hand in most of the family business. From inception to the mid-1980, BSLA was headed by the elder Lucban. Since then, his eldest son, Robert, had slowly taken over the day-to-day management of the bank. In mid-30’s, the younger Mr Lucban graduated from a local premier university and has earned his master’s degree in U.S. Aside from managing BSLA, he is actively involved in the management of the family business. The younger Mr Lucban is known to be very fond of delivering talks at civic gatherings and club meetings and castigating with the same gusto in the Bank. During his tenure at BSLA, Robert Lucban had created a highly centralized organization. All promotions, whether staff or officer, were screened by rum. The managers did not have loaning authorities. All loans applications, therefore, needed Mr. Lucban’s signature before they could be released. Because of his being involved in other family business and social commitments, Mr. Lucban routinely took home papers. The system under which BSLA operated had created slack time for the head office personnel. This, however, excluded the head office branch/ Cash Department which, aside from servicing their own clients, monitored and cash-in-vault levels of other four branches, the cash transfers and pick-ups, among others. Despite the poor performance of BSLA’s head officer branch, the one year incentive program was considered a success. Deposit ADB levels increased by 30% and income from operation grew by 22% over the previous year (as against historical average increase of 12% and 5% respectively). Mr Lagman was quite happy with the results although he thought that they could have done better if the Paranaque branch had participated more actively in the program. He  personally felt that Mr Torres was partly to blame for the lack of support given by his staff. He knew that this had not escaped the attention of Mr Lucban although the latter did not mention anything about Paranaque’s poor performance. That same year, the Board directors declared a bigger dividend than the yearly 10% profit. Other than the yearly merit increase and mid-year and year-end bonuses given to the employees, there were no significant adjustments in the employee’s salaries. Due to the success of the incentive program, BSLA decided to launch another one the following year. Like in the past, the main office did not put in substantial contribution to the program. Sucat branches were still the major contributors though they did not perform as well as the past. ADB levels were expected to at least hit the previous year’s 30% increase which went up by only near historical level at 14%. Several prizes which had already been ordered remained unclaimed. Individual and group targets, already attained the last year, were expected to be at least matched in the second EMP. They were not met. reference: Human Behavior in Organization By: Concepcion Rodil Martinez

Information on Education and Schools in Connecticut

Information on Education and Schools in Connecticut Education varies from state to state as individual states control much of the educational policy that governs the school districts across their state. Even still, school districts within an individual state often offer key differences from their neighboring counterparts as local control also plays a critical role in shaping school policy and implementing educational programs.   Because of this, a student in one state or even a single district can receive a drastically different education than a student in a neighboring state or district. State legislators shape education policy and reform for individual states. Highly debated educational topics such as standardized testing, teacher evaluations, charter schools, school choice, and even teacher pay vary from state to state and typically aligns with the controlling political parties views on education. For many states, education reform is in continuous flux, often causing uncertainty and instability for educators, parents, and students. Constant change can also make it difficult to compare the quality of education students are receiving in one state compared to another. This profile focuses on breaking down education and schools in Connecticut. Connecticut Education and Schools Connecticut State Department of Education Connecticut Commissioner of Education Dr. Dianna R. Wentzell District/School Information Length of School Year: A minimum of 180 school days is required by Connecticut state law. Number of Public School Districts: There are 169 public school districts in Connecticut. Number of Public Schools: There are 1174 public schools in Connecticut. **** Number of Students Served in Public Schools: There are 554,437 public school students in Connecticut. **** Number of Teachers in Public Schools: There are 43,805 public school teachers in Connecticut.**** Number of Charter Schools: There are 17 charter schools in Connecticut. Per Pupil Spending: Connecticut spends $16,125 per pupil in public education. **** Average Class Size: The average class size In Connecticut is 12.6 students per 1 teacher. **** % of Title I Schools: 48.3% of schools in Connecticut are Title I Schools.**** % With Individualized Education Programs (IEP): 12.3% of students in Connecticut are on IEPs. **** % in Limited-English Proficiency Programs: 5.4% of students in Connecticut are in limited-English Proficient Programs.**** % of Student Eligible for Free/Reduced Lunches: 35.0% of student in Connecticut schools are eligible for free/reduced lunches.**** Ethnic/Racial Student Breakdown**** White: 60.8% Black: 13.0% Hispanic: 19.5% Asian: 4.4% Pacific Islander: 0.0% American Indian/Alaskan Native: 0.3% School Assessment Data Graduation Rate: 75.1% of all students entering high school in Connecticut graduate. ** Average ACT/SAT score: Average ACT Composite Score: 24.4*** Average Combined SAT Score: 1514***** 8th grade NAEP assessment scores:**** Math: 284 is the scaled score for 8th grade students in Connecticut. The U.S. average was 281. Reading: 273 is the scaled score for 8th grade students in Connecticut. The U.S. average was 264. % of Students Who Attend College after High School: 78.7% of students in Connecticut go on to attend some level of college. *** Private Schools Number of Private Schools: There are 388 private schools in Connecticut.* Number of Students Served in Private Schools: There are 73,623 private school students in Connecticut.* Homeschooling Number of Students Served Through Homeschooling: There were an estimated 1,753 students that were homeschooled in Connecticut in 2015.# Teacher Pay The average teacher pay for the state of Connecticut was $69,766 in 2013.## Each individual district in the state of Connecticut negotiates teacher salaries and establishes their own teacher salary schedule. The following is an example of a teacher salary schedule in Connecticut provided by the Granby Public Schools District (p.33)    *Data courtesy of Education Bug . **Data courtesy of ED.gov ***Data courtesy of PrepScholar. ****Data courtesy of the National Center for Education Statistics ******Data courtesy of The Commonwealth Foundation #Data courtesy of A2ZHomeschooling.com ##Average salary courtesy of National Center of Education Statistics ###Disclaimer:   The information provided on this page changes frequently.   It will be updated regularly as new information and data becomes available.

The three stages of a trial and the presentation of evidence Essay

The three stages of a trial and the presentation of evidence - Essay Example Before analyzing the three-stage process of the criminal trial it is necessary to present the background against which the three-stage trial process is set. It is this background that necessitates the presentation of evidence in a way that it is tested and thus assists the tribunal of fact as far as humanly and reasonably possible to arrive at an honest conclusion. The background foundations for the criminal trial also ensures that the defendant’s right to a fair trial is protected and that he or she has an opportunity to counter the evidence presented against him or her. The foundation for the three-stage trial process in the presentation of evidence is grounded in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The right to a fair trial as enunciated in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides the defendant with an inalienable right to confront the witnesses against him at the trial. This is also known as the right to not only confront one’s accusers but the right for one’s accusers to confront the accused person.6 In this regard, at the stage of the trial where the prosecution presents its case, evidence is presented substantiating the allegations against the accused through the direct examination of witnesses for the prosecution.7 At the close of the prosecution’s case, the defendant who has the inalienable right to remain silent may make a submission of no case to answer.8 The right to remain silent is not specifically mentioned in the European Convention on Human rights but has been interpreted by the courts to be a necessary part of the right to a fair trial as provided for in Article 6 of the Convention. In fact it was held in Murray v UK that: the right to remain silent under police questioning and the privilege against... From the research it can be comprehended that the trial itself is concerned with the presentation of evidence relevant to the legal and factual issues before the court. The evidence is either presented or debated throughout the trial pursuant to the laws and rules regulating the presentation and admissibility of evidence. Quite often evidence is relevant but inadmissible and unfortunately, in balancing the scales of justice for both victims and defendants and protecting the accused right to a fair trial, the best evidence may not be presented in the courts. However, it is this balancing exercise that requires that as far as possible, the best evidence is presented and at the end of the day, regardless of the outcome, it is supported by the evidence that was legally and fully presented in the course of the trial. If both sides merely traded evidence that was not subject to cross-examination the tribunal of fact would only be getting one side of the story and thus an incomplete version of events. Therefore, examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination facilitate that telling of a complete version so that a tribunal of fact is in possession of the best available and admissible evidence. The strength of the evidence will be tested and scrutinized during cross-examination. The authenticity of the scrutiny and tests during cross-examination will be tested during re-examination.

Self-Assessment reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self-Assessment reflection - Essay Example I highly value an opportunity for independent thought or action and moderately consider frequent raises in pay. Moreover, I attach little significance in developing close friendship at work. Notably, these aspects would enhance my intensity, direction, and persistence towards attaining a organizational goal. In considering my dominant needs, my scores for the need for achievement were 19, for affiliation were 14, for autonomy were 20, and for power were 18. Notably, my dominant needs relate to the McClelland's Theory of Needs, which recognizes the need for achievement, and the need for power. However, I negate the need for affiliation. More so, I do my best at work, where I rarely spend time interacting with people. I disregard supervision and enjoy leading a project in my work. This relates to the expectancy theory, which asserts that efforts lead to successful performance and that we should reward successful performance. In analyzing the rewards that I value most, I have a score of 4 for good work, 4 for prestigious title, 3 for vacation time, 4 for job security, 3 for recognition, 5 for interesting work, 3 for pleasant conditions, 5 for advancement, 3 for flexible schedule, and 2 for friendly workers. In fact, recognition is the most powerful and least expensive workplace motivator. As such, I highly value, good pay, prestigious title, and job security. However, vacation time does not matter to me. Indeed, payment should correlate with performance. Indeed, I value piece-rate pay where get a fixed sum for each unit of production completed. In considering my view on the nature of people my Theory X- Theory-Y, orientation had a score of 25. I value people of theory Y who exercise self-direction and self-control if committed to objectives. Ideally, I disagree that the average human being requires direction and supervision and hence has no ambition. This represents people of theory X whom I must coerce or control to perform. I also disagree that everybody can acq uire leadership but agree that rewards motivate people to work. However, I am not sure whether fellow employees can influence me and whether individualism is more objective oriented than teamwork. Moreover, I agree that a good leader should give specific, detailed, and complete instructions in a work environment. Indeed, this relates to the Goal-Setting Theory, which asserts that the goals set by the leaders increase performance in an organization. In analyzing my willingness to delegate, I responded to 18 items and scored 52 points. Ideally, I disagree that delegating jobs leads to poor performance. Moreover, I do not supervise my subordinates in secrecy and wholly delegate all my jobs to the subordinates with an aim of reviewing the results. Nevertheless, it is not certain that I will get time to delegate properly. As such, according to my assessment results, a manager can achieve the greatest success in motivating me by satisfying my growth needs and creating an enabling environm ent for the development of new skills and knowledge at work. Moreover, the manager can successfully motivate me by giving me a good pay and offering me a chance to think and act independently. On the other hand, according to my assessments, I highly value rewards, which include good pay, prestigious title, and job security in my work. I also value an interesting work and chance to advance in my work.

Roles of Culture in Organizations Essay Example for Free

Roles of Culture in Organizations Essay Whats the role of culture in modern corporations and how can it be managed effectively? People in every workplace talk about organizational culture and that mysterious word that characterizes a work environment. One of the key questions and assessments, when employers interview a prospective employee, explores whether the candidate is a good cultural fit. Culture is difficult to define, but you generally know when you have found an employee who appears to fit your culture. He just feels right. Culture is the environment that surrounds you at work all of the time. Culture is a powerful element that shapes your work enjoyment, your work relationships, and your work processes. But, culture is something that you cannot actually see, except through its physical manifestations in your work place. There are so many different definitions of culture in the past by many scholars in the past. The variety of meaning is so diverse that it is impossible to offer any value as a research topic. Culture seeks to describe those facets of human experience that contribute the differences and similarities in how people perceive and engage with their world. We define organizational culture as a set of shared, often implicit assumptions, beliefs, values and sense-making procedures that influences and guides the behavior and thinking of organizational members, and continuously enacted and in turn reinforced –or changed- by the behavior of organizational members. Our definitions is fully compatible three characteristics universally seen as central to the concept of culture: (a) it emerges during the adaptive interaction between people and their environment, and therefore it will change when these interactions change; (b) it is by necessity constituted only of shared, intersubjective elements; and (c) it is transmitted to members across time periods and changing member cohorts or generations. In many ways, culture is like personality. In a person, the personality is made up of the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, interests, experiences, upbringing, and habits that create a person’s behavior. Culture is made up of the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a group of people. Culture is the behavior that results when a group arrives at a set of rules (generally unspoken and unwritten) for working together. An organization’s culture is made up of all of the life experiences each employee brings to the organization. Culture is especially influenced by the organization’s founder, executives, and other managerial staff because of their role in decision making and strategic direction. Edger Schein’s (1985) three levels of culture: artifacts, values and assumptions. For Schein, the essence of culture is located at the level of basic assumptions which reflect how members of culture experience reality, how they perceive the physical and social world, and how they think and feel. These assumptions are taken for granted, and rarely questioned. A culture’s assumptions provide the basis for and interact with values –Schein’s next level of culture. Values are the social norms, principles, standards and objectives that are valued by cultural members for their intrinsic worth. Values are accessible because they are revealed by behavior and priorities. Cultural values often indicate what is seen as morally right and wrong in a particular context. Even though values remain subconscious, members are more aware of them than of their underlying cultural assumptions. In particular, members become aware of their values when they are challenged during times of change or when someone violates conventions. Values are linked to artifacts, Schein’s third cultural level, in that values-congruous behaviors express and manifest the cultural values and assumptions located at the other levels. This can happen through deliberate expressive actions, through unintended expressive actions, or through other actions that manifest cultural assumptions and values. Anything observable linked to behavior can be seen as artifacts including objects, verbal expressions and activities. But how culture effect on organizations? The culture of a country or region in which the organizations function influences the way of motivating employees. In some countries, such as Japan, giving an individual reward to an employee could embarrass the recipient and so be de-motivating. In high-context collective cultures, there are often expected norms of behavior for particular situations. Offering rewards for individual behavior that runs counter to group norms is unlikely to have a positive influence on motivation. In some countries, the perception of material items is as gifts rather than as rewards for performance. In China, for example, organizations often distribute food to all employees as holiday gifts. People in higher position positions get more or better quality items, but employees make no connection between their performance and the gifts. People in different cultures communicate among themselves differently. The major differences in how people from different cultures communicate with each other are language usage, verbal style, and nonverbal communication. Two people may speak the same language but speak it quite differently. Verbal communication styles are another way for cultures to vary in their communication patterns. In cultures employing a direct style, the speaker tries to convey his true feelings through the choice of words. In the indirect style, the speaker selects words to hide his real feelings. The direct style is common in individualistic, low-context cultures, and the indirect style in collective, high-context cultures. The direct style allows the individualist to express his own ideas clearly. The collective orientation is to maintain group harmony and concern for the feelings of others. There is a number of effects of culture on organization and making a diverse multi-cultural organization must be a great challenge to the managers, but there are also advantages of managing organizational culture. There are seven characteristics of culture which can help managers to manage the culture more effectively. (www.about.com ) †¢ Culture = Behavior. Culture is a word used to describe the behaviors that represent the general operating norms in your environment. Culture is not usually defined as good or bad, although aspects of your culture likely support your progress and success and other aspects impede your progress. A norm of accountability will help make your organization successful. A norm of spectacular customer service will sell your products and engage your employees. Tolerating poor performance or exhibiting a lack of discipline to maintain established processes and systems will interrupt your success. †¢ Culture is learned. People learn to perform certain behaviors through either the rewards or negative consequences that follow their behavior. When a behavior is rewarded, it is repeated and the association eventually becomes part of the culture. A simple praise from an executive for work performed in a particular manner molds the culture. †¢ Culture is learned Through Interaction. Employees learn culture by interacting with other employees. Most behaviors and rewards in organizations involve other employees. An applicant experiences a sense of your culture, and his or her fit within your culture, during the interview process. An initial opinion of your culture can be formed as early as the first phone call from the Human Resources department. †¢ Sub-cultures Form through Rewards. Employees have many different wants and needs. Sometimes employees value rewards that are not associated with the behaviors desired by managers for the overall company. This is often how subcultures are formed, as people get social rewards from coworkers or have their most important needs met in their departments or project teams. †¢ People Shape the Culture. Personalities and experiences of employees create the culture of an organization. For example, if most of the people in an organization are very outgoing, the culture is likely to be open and sociable. If many artifacts showing the company’s history and values are in evidence throughout the company, people value their history and culture. If negativity about supervision and the company is widespread and complained about by employees, a culture of negativity, that is difficult to overcome, will take hold. †¢ Culture is negotiated. One person cannot create a culture alone. Employees must try to change the direction, the work environment, the way of work is performed, or the manner in which decisions are made within the general norms of the workplace. Culture change is a process of give and take by all members of an organization. Formalizing strategic direction, systems development, and establishing measurements must be owned by the group responsible for them. Otherwise, employees will not own them. †¢ Culture is Difficult to Change. Culture change requires people to change their behaviors. It is often difficult for people to unlearn their old way of doing things, and to start performing the new behaviors consistently. Persistence, discipline, employee involvement, kindness and understanding, organization development work, and training can assist you to change a culture. Your work culture is often interpreted differently by diverse employees. Other events in people’s lives affect how they act and interact at work too. Although an organization has a common culture, each person may see that culture from a different perspective. Additionally, your employees’ individual work experiences, departments, and teams may view the culture differently. Your culture may be strong or weak. When your work culture is strong, most people in the group agree on the culture. When your work culture is weak, people do not agree on the culture. Sometimes a weak organizational culture can be the result of many subcultures, or the shared values, assumptions, and behaviors of a subset of the organization. For example, the culture of your company as a whole might be weak and very difficult to characterize because there are so many subcultures. Each department or work cell may have its own culture. Within departments, the staff and managers may each have their own culture. Ideally, organizational culture supports a positive, productive environment. Happy employees are not necessarily productive employees. Productive employees are not necessarily happy employees. It is important to find aspects of the culture that will support each of these qualities for your employees. Managers must know well how to manage the organization’s culture and have to explore many aspects of organizational culture and cultural change to make organization more effective and productive. The concept of culture will become useful for the managers to make successful and productive organization by managing culture effectively. Managing culture is very much concerned with leadership of a manager. Culture is a difficult to define concept and is capable of being misinterpreted by managers who must attempt to make use of it in their work activities. A range of definitions were explored, as were number of facets of both organizational and national culture relevant to the human experience of work. New employees must be effectively integrated into the organization if they are to become productive members. It is not possible to manage every person all the time that they are at work. Internalization of responsibility and knowledge of requirements must be delegated if effective management is to be achieved. Culture is able to offer a meaningful way of accounting for many related phenomena. However, the notion of culture, particularly a strong culture, however attractive, provides a conflict-free way for managers to ensure harmony and the achievement of objectives, is simplistic and does not reflect experience. Culture is a problematic concept because it is difficult to define in precise terms. It is an easy term to recognize in that it is relatively obvious how organizations differ. When visiting an organization, a ‘feeling’ becomes apparent which provides a general indication of the culture. For example, one organization might feel busy with a buzz of activity and a feeling of purpose; while another might feel relaxed with a feeling of calmness in the approach to work. It is important for managers to study other cultures also because their competitors, suppliers, shareholders, or employees may come from other cultures. In developed countries there is also an increasing number of immigrants and workers bringing their own cultures into their new homes. Managers have to be able to integrate them into the new work environment. Hence, it is necessary for managers to know their culture as well as to understand their way of life. References i. â€Å"Organizational behavior management, by John Martin fellenz.† Publisher â€Å"South- Western† ii. â€Å"Organizational behavior-an experiential approach, by Joyce S, David A, Irwin M, and Marlene E.† Publisher â€Å"Pearson† iii. www.about.com iv. www.biomedcentral.com v. www.attractorconsulting.com vi. www.academia.edu

First Impressions in Bernard Shaw’s play The Devil’s Disciple Essay

Bernard Shaw’s play â€Å"The Devil’s Disciple† is set in 1777 when the American War of British Independence was at its height. Richard Dudgeon is the main character in this production and he begins as a ‘black sheep’ in a family of self-righteous puritans. Richard has entitled himself â€Å"The Devil’s Disciple†. In the first Act of the play, Richard’s father has died and this starts the reading of his will. During this scene we get a lot of the other characters views on Richard before we meet him. It seems that almost everyone apart from Essie (Richard’s cousin). Everyone finds it hard to talk about him as if it is against the rules, e.g. Judith Anderson says to Essie, â€Å"Dick Dudgeon! Essie: do you wish to be a really respectable and grateful girl, and to make a place for yourself here by steady and good conduct?† †Then you must never mention the name of Richard Dudgeon – never think even about him. He is a bad man†. This suggests that Judith believes even thinking about Richard could mean you were becoming a bad person yourself. However, we find out later that she has never actually met Richard Dudgeon, so is only saying this from what she has heard. Whilst Mrs Dudgeon and Mr Anderson are talking at the very beginning of the scene, Mrs Dudgeon also expresses her view of Richard. She says, â€Å"Let it be a warning to him. He may end that way himself, the wicked, dissolute, godless—â€Å" This shows us that he is even hated by his own mother. From all of the views shown in the early stages of the first act about Richard, we get the impression that he is a terrible person, with no respect or cares for anyone else. Even when we meet Richard, our opinions as an audience don’t change greatly, he shows himself as quite arrogant and sarcastic. How... ... a fool. Judith: Like a hero. I think that Shaw made us change our opinion of Richard in the context of the story that he is telling because it shows us how even the ‘worst’ people among us can change, or that these people are not so bad after all, just covering up their true selves until the time is right. Anderson (whilst talking to the British soldiers) says, â€Å"Sir: it is in the hour of trial that a man finds his true profession. This foolish young man [placing his hand on Richard's shoulder] boasted himself the Devil's Disciple, but when the hour of trial came to him, he found that it was his destiny to suffer and be faithful to the death. I thought myself a decent minister of the gospel of peace, but when the hour of trial came to me, I found that it was my destiny to be a man of action and that my place was amid the thunder of the captains and the shouting.†

Family and International Assignment Policy Essay

What Is Your Critical Evaluation of Colgate-Palmolive’s International Assignment Policy? What Are Its Strengths And Weaknesses? Colgate-Palmolive’s (C-P) international assignment policy was designed to standardize entitlements for the expatriate managers. It covered tax equalization, goods and services, housing, the actual move and settling in, sale or rental of the principle residence, relocation allowances, living expenses, education, vacation, leave, post allowance and smooth transitions (Rosenzweig, 1994). The assignment policy was progressive, permitting applicants a 5 day pre-acceptance tour. The language courses at the company’s expense were paramount. Overall, the company sought to address both the expatriate and his family’s quality of life. I subscribe to the motto: â€Å"a happy wife makes a happy life†, thus I would agree that the policy was comprehensive and supported the aforementioned and motto. Strengths included â€Å"financial parity† and the overall family and spouse assistance program. However, the greatest strength was C-P’s willingness to improve the policy and orientations based on surveys (Rosenzweig, 1994, p. 7). The only weakness I can surmise is that such a policy does not support a local indigenous applicant. What Should Colgate-Palmolive Do About the Growing Issue of Dual-Career Families? C-P has two courses of action (COA). Do not hire or address dual-career families or succumb and make the overseas assignments attractive to dual-career families. COA one would limit their candidate pool. One C-P human resource manager (HRM) stated: â€Å"the frequency of dual-career families among C-P’s young managers was a reflection of their high quality: ‘We tend to attract people who have been to graduate school and who often met their spouses at graduate school. Both spouses are educated professionals and both tend to want to pursue their careers’† (Rosenzweig, 1994, p. 9). Thus COA two would support a larger qualified candidate pool. However, there is a cost(s) associated. C-P discussed income replacement to offset the spouses lost income (Rosenzweig, 1994, p. 0), but was viewed to expensive. Others recommended C-P change the overseas perception, in lieu of a loss or sacrifice, a positive spin was placed on foreign employment. Personally, I would opt for COA one but with two additions. Transfer young single executives on shorter term assignments in support of saving costs and capitalize on modern technologies that did not exist at the time this article was published. Secure virtual training conference lines can be purchased for under $25,000 permitting daily interaction, meetings and mentoring between C-P headquarters and the expatriate manager. Lastly, C-P foreign employees may capitalize on the numerous web based social technologies such as Skype and Face Time that are now a staple communication platform. What Should an MNC Consider When Designing a Policy Regarding International Career Development? It is paramount that MNC focus on recruiting processes. A larger diverse, multi lingual applicant pool who have lived and been educated abroad would mitigate many of the culture shock experiences associated with overseas assignments. The policy development should incorporate local nationals employed by companies like C-P. In the US, we are familiar with the big Japanese motor companies like Toyota and Nissan, but we often overlook the other foreign owned companies like Pillsbury and CBS Records who employ thousands of US professionals. Ultimately, MNC must address the monetary compensation and quality of life for 2 potential candidates: host-country employees and home country employees (where the headquarters is located). Certainly, I am not naive to the fact that compensation is not easily addressed as it should conform to local laws and taxation (both host and home countries). What Should an Employee Consider When Deciding to Accept or Decline an International Assignment? How Does the Employee’s Current Career Stage Affect Such a Decision? As an active duty Soldier with family and prior overseas duty assignments, I have had given this question a great deal of thought. Certainly C-P’s policy covering areas such as tax equalization, goods and services, housing, the actual move and settling in, sale or rental of the principle residence, relocation allowances, living expenses, education, vacation, leave, post allowance and smooth transitions are important. Ultimately, it boils down to education, medical care, quality of life and face time with family. Dependent on one’s age and the age of your children, a support system for the spouse is paramount. Extended family is ideal if the expatriate will travel frequently, thus transcontinental travel, accessibility to international airports is important. Quality of education and backwards planning are important. The closer children get to high school and college age, the more important it is to be in the US with a stabilized duration of assignment.

Essay on Economies Diseconomies of Scale - 1125 Words

Economies and Diseconomies of Scale A case for McDonalds amp; Movie Theaters By Michele Tarrence Econ 202 Economies of scale are defined as ‘forces that reduce a firm’s average cost as scale of operation increases in the long run. The opposite of this would be diseconomies of scale, meaning ‘forces that may eventually increase a firms average cost as the scale of operation increases in the long run. Most every company has both the economies and diseconomies of scale that can be analyzed. In the following paragraphs I will tell of some of these scales in both movie theaters and the ever popular McDonalds. McDonalds is the 8th most valuable brands in the world. They have approximately 32,000 restaurants located in over 120†¦show more content†¦Executives at the firm level have many years of experience that is relayed to the new management in training to help all restaurants stay uniform. They can buy in bulk in order to keep it at a lower cost forcing their competition to stay at lower prices. They choose suppliers that can mass produce good quality food that turns out a good product that the consumers enjoy for both the price and taste. They are able to share advertising and research with the 32,000 restaurants in order to meet markets all around the world. They have advertised at such places as the Olympics and many other events reaching hundreds of thousands of people. Some of the diseconomies may be that they have such a large production and operation that it can be hard to stay uniform for such a production. They must also keep their menu uniform throughout the world and yet they must accommodate the country and culture that they are located in. The suppliers cannot be located in an area that may be subject to a possible drought or other places that could be exposed to supernatural weather. This would drive the price of the product up making it less profitable. McDonalds spends a lot of time in research, but some of these research projects have actually taken years to develop which in turn cost money making it harder to recoup the money spent. For example, it took McDonalds over 7 years to develop chicken nuggets and yet to accommodate customerShow MoreRelated The impact of economies and diseconomies of scale Tesco face962 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of economies and diseconomies of scale Tesco face As businesses grow and their output increases, they commonly benefit from a reduction in average costs of production. Total costs will increase with increases in output, but the cost of producing each unit falls as output increases. This reduction in average costs is what gives larger firms a competitive advantage over smaller firms. This fall in average costs as output increases is known as Economies of Scale. Tesco benefitRead MoreEconomies of Scale1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe Economies and Diseconomies of Scale and Scope Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most of the company’s strategy in remaining to be competitive is trying to differentiate and get over its rivals which has the intentions of realizing the preferred seller and will have the highest returns into the industry. 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Decreasing returns to scale or diseconomies of scale implies rising average costs (AC) as the firm’s output and scale increase (Samuelson and MarksRead MoreEvaluate the View That the Separation of Ownership from Control in Large Firms Inevitably Causes Diseconomies of Scale1246 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate the view that the separation of ownership from control in large firms inevitably causes diseconomies of scale In this essay I plan to show what consequences there are from a separation of ownership from control and what effects could occur as a result. I will be arguing whether managers are worth the cost of hiring, to the business as a whole, giving examples of problems that may arise in these types of situations and what impact they can cause. 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